Human Rights in International Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Human Rights in International Law - Essay Example Other than these strategies, other global human rights instruments likewise exist that are not lawfully authoritative however affect the usage, comprehension and advancement of worldwide human rights laws. These wellsprings of law have been perceived to have a political obligation1. Worldwide human rights laws are enforceable on the local, provincial and global levels. Any states that are engaged with human rights arrangements embrace a willful commitment to regard the rights perceived in the separate settlements. Moreover, it is the obligation of the state to guarantee consistence of local laws with the conditions set down in bargains so household and global law is good. Despite the fact that the essential system of human rights security and the following lawful structure are generally household in nature however the deprived party may turn to provincial or worldwide legitimate components to review concerns. On the other hand, provincial or global legitimate components may uphold th emselves on local circumstances so as to manage human rights mishandles. Human rights are ensured globally using two equal lawful systems in particular the universal human rights laws and the worldwide helpful laws. ... For general cases, human rights are taken to direct the relationship existing among people and the state inside the setting of a conventional life. Conversely, helpful laws are taken to manage the connection between an aggressive state and any gatherings it comes into contact with. These gatherings could be unfriendly or unbiased when found with regards to an equipped conflict2. This paper will worry about the usage of human rights laws alone on the household, provincial and universal levels. 2. Worldwide Law on Human Rights In the post World War Two situation, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights is the watershed of global human rights law. The United Nations General Assembly embraced this revelation in 1948 and can be viewed as a response to the encounters of the Second World War. In itself, this announcement is the principal worldwide articulation of rights that every person are entitled to3. The significance of this presentation originates from the way that its articles have been utilized thusly in universal settlements, national constitutions, local laws and local human rights instruments. The revelation isn't a settlement in itself yet has been embraced unequivocally so as to characterize the words â€Å"human rights† and â€Å"fundamental freedoms† that are recorded in the United Nations Charter. Thus, the United Nations Charter is official on all part states thus the Universal Declaration on Human Rights is a basic constitutive report for the United Nations. A huge group of worldwide legal advisors holds that the Declaration is a piece of standard global law. This position infers that the Declaration is an

Learning to Drive Professor Ramos Blog

Figuring out how to Drive Photograph by Ingo Joseph on Pexels.com Figuring out how to drive was unquestionably perhaps the greatest snag and furthermore probably the best achievement. My dread was consistently what appeared to disrupt the general flow from getting myself into the driver seat. From the outset, I needed to focus on figuring out how to function the switches in the vehicle. At that point it was really escaping the carport and onto the road. Obviously all that appeared to be excessively simple close to the last advance. The one thing I dreaded the most was the turnpike. I was 17 sitting on our front strides as I treaded carefully father show my more established sibling how to give the vehicle an oil change. That old white Ford Explorer despite everything going significantly after all its experienced. We have had that truck throughout recent years and it has a bigger number of gouges and scratches than I can even monitor. This truck has been the learning vehicle for the entirety of my more established kin. They all got their driver’s permit in it and obviously I needed to make a point to prop that convention up. As a child I generally envisioned myself driving that vehicle. When my progression father and sibling had completed I understood that was my chance to at long last inquire as to whether he could instruct me to drive. When I asked him, he took a gander at me with an unexpressed face and said,â€Å"What! Well it’s about time!† I got into the driver seat and my progression father was educating me from the traveler window. I got the vehicle turned on and he stated, â€Å"Alright, put the vehicle on drive and when you let go of the brake, somewhat press the gas pedal so you can get a vibe how the vehicle feels.† I may have squeezed a little to hard and about hauled my progression father from the window. That frightened me away the driver seat leaving me unfit to drive for a couple of more months. Several months passed by when my sister more likely than not chose I needed to conquer this dread. She left the vehicle after we dropped the more youthful children at school and said â€Å"Alright, get into the driver seat,† I was stunned and answered, â€Å"ARE YOU CRAZY!† right now I genuinely accepted my sister had lost her psyche, however I obeyed got into the driver seat. The brilliant side to that morning was that the road we were on was very detached. There wasn’t much I could hit aside from several little trees and a few brambles so that truly facilitated my uneasiness all in all thought. Despite the fact that I was alarmed of wrecking her brilliant red Hyundai, I put the vehicle on drive and followed all the means as she said. I let go of the brake pedal and marginally pushed on the gas. I gradually sped up and really made it down the road without hitting anything. Obviously I was just going straight so it would have been odd to have hit any of the bushe s.Her point to making me drive up the road was so I could get the vibe of the vehicle really moving. After that I got enough mental fortitude to really driving on the bustling road. I first I didn’t think it was going to end well, yet I made it home with no scratch or mark to my sisters vehicle. I rehearsed each other day by driving my mother to the store which was 3 blocked away from where we live. At that point I gradually began driving further and further. I wound up driving throughout the day since I delighted in the sentiment of really driving myself. My last advance was jumping on the interstate, yet I put that in the rear of my psyche so I didnt even consider it. I remained in the city for quite a while without expecting to take the interstate. At that point intending to go to the sea shore with my companions turned into a bother. Everybody worked so getting somebody to drive me to the sea shore was somewhat troublesome. Considerably after I needed to drop I sort of still didn’t consider jumping on the turnpike. After a month my progression father became ill. My folks both cooperated and since my mother couldn’t drive my progression father consistently did. My more established kin additionally had work each morning to they couldn’t drive her to work. That left me as the main choice to get my mom to work. I attempted to escape that by clarifying that I scarcely began to become accustomed to driving yet my mother wasn’t accepting my reason as an answer. So the exceptionally next morning she woke me up t oo soon. I truly wasn’t cheerful about that regardless of whether I was a morning individual. I realized that the turnpike would have been totally not quite the same as how I was driving in the city. My mother disclosed to me that it was extremely early so the turnpike won’t be excessively occupied. As I got onto the road I froze a little when I saw what number of semi-trucks were at that point encompassing me. In any case, I needed to discard my dread and resist the urge to panic. My mother close to me truly had any kind of effect. She began the most arbitrary discussions, so I wouldn’t alarm on the trucks that were close to me. We made it to her activity without passing on so I’d like to state that was an extraordinary achievement. I left her there and trusted go into the expressway to head home since obviously I despite everything needed to get the chance to class as well. I have consistently appreciated the sentiment of achievement the same amount of as any individual. I can’t state I can get around the turnpike without Google Maps however yet I can overcome the interstate simply like some other individual. I wasn’t the best driver from the outset and I can concede I drove like a grandmother as well. Presently Im ready to drive that old beat up Ford Explorer and everything started when Iâ capable was escape my customary range of familiarity. I needed to test my cutoff points and not let dread keep me away from busy. I had the option to get my permit and now I can drive myself anyplace and all it took was practice and not surrendering in any event, when slip-ups were made.

Educational Policy Implementation - Free Essay Example

Methodology The purpose of this qualitative case study is to explore restorative justice policy implementation at one school in Dochas School District by examining the perspectives of school-site staff who are positioned as street level bureaucrats. The study will include document analysis and interviews. According to Creswell (2013), a case study is a qualitative approach in which the investigator a real-life contemporary who studies a bounded system over time through detailed data collection reporting a case description and emergent themes. The use of a case study is appropriate because it aims to clarify the boundaries between the phenomenon and the current contextual circumstances of the policy shift from zero tolerance to restorative justice. The research questions that will frame this study are: 1) What are the perspectives of street level bureaucrats of the implementation of restorative justice? 2) How do street level bureaucrats understandings of restorative justice compare to central administrations understandings of restorative justice as related through official district documents? Qualitative research, according to Creswell, involves an inquiry process of understanding based on the methods of inquiry that explore a social or human problem. The researcher builds a complex, holistic picture, analyzes words, reports detailed views of informants, and conducts the study in a natural setting (1998, p. 15). A case must represent specificity rather than generality, and it is by this distinction that a ?bounded case or system exists (Stake, 2008, p. 121). This case study employs qualitative methods where the focus is to explore a case, a bounded group of teachers, counselors, and security guards within a bounded system, a particular school within the Dochas School District. Yin claims that the case study method is best applied when research addresses descriptive questions and aims to answer those questions using a first-hand understanding of people and events (2002). A qualitative case study design supports the investigation of street level bureaucrats perspectives using interviews and document analysis. This comprehensive design strategy is an empirical inquiry that explores a case by addressing the how and why questions regarding the phenomenon of interest (Yazan, 2005). This case study serves the purpose of exploring the how and why following a district mandated policy change and the experiences of street level bureaucrats regarding that change. The study will take place at Meitheal Middle School within the Dochas School District. This district is one of the largest in Southern California. Meitheal Middle School is located in an urban area of the district. The participants will be site-level employees who are positioned as street level bureaucrats at Meitheal Middle School. The phenomenon being studied is the street level bureaucrats perspectives on the policy change from zero tolerance to restorative justice at their school site. Data Collection Method Data collection procedures within the Middle School in the Dochas School District in which this is one of the largest across the California State will be simply through sampling of the information regarding the issue of street level bureaucrats. For such large states sampling is the best method of data collection in which the person making the study can have an easy time compiling the whole data for analysis. This phenomena being carried out in this study on the street level bureaucrats is one that concerns the issue of perspectives of the people across the California state. Within data collection and data analysis procedures in any study like this, the researcher has t take position at the end of the day after sampling out the whole study. The information collected helps him or her make up a report on the findings of the whole study he or she has collected. Reliability of the study and validity of the given research can all be measured through the issue of making sure all the people interviewed during the data collection are trustworthy in what information they are giving on street level bureaucrats across the state of California. Research Design Maxwell (2012) describes the issue of the qualitative research on the street level bureaucrats as one that can be studied on the aspect of interviews and other qualitative research methodologies. This type of research perceives that the study can use the aspect of data collection using the qualitative analysis. This qualitative research can include the given application of the theoretical frameworks that entail in the study of the street level bureaucrats (Yin, 2014). This study will be a case study explore the consequences of the newly implemented discipline approach, restorative justice, on the school site staff at one middle school. The study methods like the qualitative analysis has to provide eight school site employees an opportunity to express, through interview, their experiences with the implementation of restorative justice at their school site. The qualitative research analysis and design methods to be used gives meaning to the archived documents surrounding the restorative justice policy implementation. The narrative methods employed in this study will allow for the exploration of a single critical case (Yin, 2011), e.g., employees from one school site who have experienced the effects of restorative justice implementation. The purpose for selecting the case study method is that it has the advantage of simplifying complex concepts and allows investigators to retain the holistic and meaningful characteristics of real-life events (Yin, 2011). The process of research involves emerging questions and procedures, data typically collected in the participants setting, data analysis inductively building from particulars to general themes, and the researcher making interpretations of the meaning of the data (Creswell, 200,7 p. 4). Bounding is a key part of a case study. Stake (1998) has described the value of a case study for explanatory purposes as, The more the object of study is a specific, unique, bounded system, the greater the usefulness of epistemological rationales (p. 445). Identification of the features that are within the system being studied are necessary for recognition of the findings among scholars. Setting Before the research resumes in the district and schools there will be the introduction of the participants in this study in which the issue of trust will be solved for the research to be valid. One of the reasons as to why I selected the site is that it has a large population and great in the education on street level bureaucracy. Dochas School has the ability to give the best results in this research and any given aspect of the study has to be included within the school. According to Maxwell (2012), the issue of complexities and generalization od events within the given research has to be accounted for in order to eliminate some of the challenges one may face in conducting the research. This study will be conducted at Meitheal Middle School (pseudonym), a public school in the Dochas School District (pseudonym) serving grades 6-8. Dochas School District is among the largest in Southern California. There are 83 middle schools, 96 high schools and 451 elementary schools in the district. As shown in Table 1, the demographics of the district are 74% Latino, 8.4% African American, 9.8% White, 6.0% Asian, 0.4% Pacific Islander and 0.2% American Indian/Alaskan Native. The student population of Meitheal Middle school is 1,090. As shown in Table 2, the demographics of Meitheal Middle school are 92% Hispanic, 2.7% African American, 2.8% White, 1.1% Asian, 0.4% Pacific Islander, 0.1% American Indian/Alaskan Native. These details matter a lot within the field of research and study since it gives the readers the understanding they need to know how the study went down. The Dochas School District has a stated goal of fully implementing Restorative Justice at all school sites by the year 2019. Training is regarded as one of the components within the implementation of the research across the globe so that the participants can be well versed with the issue of the street level bureaucrats in the chosen state. Central office personnel have carefully mapped the implementation process by creating a five-year initiative choosing large groups of school sites for training and implementation each year. Therefore, the middle school selected for this study is one that has participated in one of the first phases of the implementation. The school will be selected for this study based on location and accessibility. Table 1 Dochas School District and Meitheal Middle School Demographics 2016-2017 Ethnicity Dochas School District Meitheal Middle School Latino 74% 92.1% African American 8.4% 2.7% White 9.8% 2.8% Asian 6.0% 1.1% Pacific Islander 0.4% 0.4% American Indian/Alaskan Native 0.2% 0.1% SOURCE: Dochas School District Fingertip Facts 2015-2016 and California Department of Education School Accountability Report Card 2015-2016 Participants The study will use a purposive sample of teachers, counselors and security guards from Meitheal Middle School. Purposive sample is one of the non-profitability samples in which a research uses the characteristics of the given population where it can be known as the judgmental sample (Yin, 2014). The use of one school site lent itself to the use of a purposefully chosen sample of school site employees (4 teachers, 2 counselor and 2 security guard) giving the flexibility of offering multiple perspectives and providing insight to the research questions and, aiding in the discovery of the answers to these questions. Purposeful sampling is used for identification and selection of information-rich cases related to the phenomenon of interest (Palinkas, 2013). Creswell (2013) states that researchers select participants and sites for their study which will provide a purposeful understanding of the research problem, and central phenomenon in the study (p.156). The research problem according t o this study is realizing the issue of street level bureaucrats across the given state of California. The following sections introduce the different participants in the study, how their perspectives will contribute to my research objectives, and how they were selected. Teachers Teachers have some of the roles as SLBs and in the implementation of RJ and this make them to be positioned very well within the site of the research that is the school. Teachers are the front line employees in the implementation of RJ in the Dochas School District. Although the district has mandated the implementation of restorative discipline strategies, teachers at Meitheal Middle School make their discretion daily about whether to use the mandated strategies. Although school site administration delivers directives, the classroom is a isolated space where teachers choose what will best serve the students or themselves daily. In order to understand the experiences of Restorative Justice Implementation at Meitheal Middle School four teachers will be invited to participate in the study. These participants will be chosen based on their whether they were employed by the school before, during and after the implementation process while also taking their availability into consideration . This sample selection is not only purposeful, but also a convenience sample. Counselors Counselors have specific roles in the participation of the SLBs and implementing the RJ since the research needs them to do that. One counselor will also be invited to participate in the study. Selection criteria will include employment at Meitheal Middle School before, during and after the implementation of Restorative Justice as well as availability participate in the interview process. Security Guards Security guards in the school are well positioned in giving a good and reliable information in regards to the street level bureaucrats. The final research group includes one security guard from Meitheal Middle School. Selection criteria will include employment at Meitheal Middle School before and after the implementation of Restorative Justice as well as availability to participate in the interview process. Data Collection Procedures Interviews across the research period are important since it is a way of collecting information that will be useful in the study. Data collection will consist of six interviews and document analysis of artifacts surrounding the implementation of Restorative Justice in the Dochas School District. This will include the conducting of six interviews and the collection of district documents pertaining to the implementation of Restorative Justice. According to Creswell (2013), data collection is a series of interrelated activities aimed at gathering good information to answering emerging research questions. I will interview participants and examine collected documents in order to understand the unintended consequences of the implementation of Restorative Justice at one single school site. Interviews Four teachers, 1 counselor and 1security guard will participate in individual interviews. The importance of the use of interview can be best explained by Seidman (2013) when he explains that At the very heart of what it means to be human is ability of people to symbolize their experience through language (p.8). At itss core, interviewing is a quest to understand the lived experience of another human. Each interview will last approximately forty-five minutes and will be audio recorded. Field notes will also be taken during each interview. The interview protocol is semi-structured with open ended questions due to the nature of qualitative case study research. According to Galleta (2013), the semi-structured interview crafts an opening for analysis in order to achieve new understandings of the phenomenon being studied. It also leaves space through the researcher can explore contextual influences evident in the narrative but not explicitly stated. All interviews will take place outside of the participants hours of employment and off school property. Interview questions will specifically address participant experiences with the implementation of Restorative Justice. Documents Documents from the school and district will be collected simultaneously during the collection of other data related to this study. These will possibly include district bulletins regarding implementation timelines and frameworks, schedules specifying administrative and school-site trainings, presentation handouts from these trainings and correspondences sent from the district regarding Restorative Justice. Table 3 Data Collection Procedures Mode of Data Collection How this is Appropriate for the Research Questions Mode of Analysis 6 Semi Structured Individual Interviews Interviews will allow participants to communicate their perspectives Open coding Use of the internet to collect district and school site bulletins, emails and handouts These documents will provide insight into the district and school site administrative intentions behind the policy shift Open coding Data Analysis Procedures The first step in data analysis is the maintenance of accurate data collection procedures and detailed records throughout the process. The ongoing data log will be kept for future use within any other field of research and referencing. Confidentiality will be maintained throughout the study by use of pseudonyms. Audio recorded interviews will be transcribed and pseudonymized. Creswell (2013) purports that researchers may take a direct interpretation to the collected data drawing meaning from it, establishing patterns and putting it back together in more meaningful ways establishing correspondence between two or more categories (p. 199). Coding and data analysis for this study will take place simultaneously with data collections in order to discover emerging themes. This simply means that all the operations in coding and the data analysis will have to take place at the same time to make it possible for the research to be complete within the stated time frame. Open coding and content analysis will be used in this study so that it can work well. Coding is the issue of using computerized units to gain the given meaning within the research. Interviews Teacher, counselor and security guard interviews will be transcribed in order to ensure accuracy. Analysis procedures will include examining verbatim transcriptions of the interviews and identifying relevant statements. After highlighting the transcripts they will be summarized to help identify recurring themes. This coding is helpful in all aspects to help analyze the situation within the research. After open coding is complete I will identify relationships between the open codes and complete a textural description of prevalent themes. I will then write a structural description. According to Moustakas (1994), the Composite Structural Description is a way of understanding how the co-researchers as a group experience what they experience and this is within the coding procedures (p. 142). For this study the structural description will explain how the school site employees as a group at Meitheal Middle School experience the implementation of Restorative Justice. Documents In regards to content analysis, more resources are needed to make sure the study is authentic in all aspects and valid at the same time. The documents and artifacts gathered from the Dochas School District and Meitheal Middle School will undergo the same coding techniques as the above mentioned interviews. In addition, descriptive, interpretive, and pattern codes will be categorized across data in relation to the research questions (Miles Huberman, 2010). Overall analysis Axial coding is the disaggregation of core themes during qualitative data analysis. After the data set and interview transcripts have been analyzed and coded and themes identified axial coding will be used to compare emergent themes. Finally, selective coding will be conducted in order interpret axial codes and indicate one. Selective coding will be the final step in the analysis process allowing for a central theme(s) to emerge. Positionality Statement I am a white woman who has taught in schools with a primarily Latinx population. Throughout my career Ive served lower socio-economic students and families and while I definitely experienced the world differently than them due to my race, they were able to relate to my impoverished childhood. I grew up in New York on welfare and experienced many of the same struggles my students faced. Watching my mother struggle to feed us as a single parent or not knowing if we would be able to pay the rent were common stress inducing experiences. I have always been able to build a rapport with families and students based on the common challenges of a low-income upbringing. I have worked in secondary education for fifteen years, spending 9 years in the classroom as an English teacher and 6 years in out-of-classrooms the positions of literacy coach, instructional coach, and dean of students. My time in and out of the classroom has allowed me a fully developed view of the effects of policy implementation and discipline policies on teachers and students. I began teaching in 2003, under No Child Left Behind policy guidelines. The middle school I worked at was taken over that year by the state of California due to poor test scores. The site-administration was removed and the centralized directives poured down on the classroom teachers in an attempt to improve test scores. The district was in a struggle to improve test scores at any means possible and directives often seemed contradictory to one another and counter to the intended goal. While in the classroom I felt constant pressure to adapt to the ever-changing requirements communicated by site administr ation. I decided to deliver the instruction that I believed would most benefit the students while doing my best to avoid reprimand. Many times I found myself disregarding district or school-site policy because I felt the students would suffer if I were to follow it. My awareness of my role of a Street Level Bureaucrat began at this time when I recognized my use of discretion to implement or disregard policy directives. When I left the classroom, it was, I hoped, to make a move toward more autonomy. I believed I would be able to get closer to the school site decision makers and help bring logic to the table. Teachers and students had been suffering due to unclear and conflicting directives and I truly thought the school site administration would be shocked to hear the struggles that were being experienced. What I found was school site administrators were simply following the directives of their farther removed superiors at the district level. There was no site discretion for decisions when it came to large initiatives such as curriculum or discipline. These policies were handed down from one level to the next starting with state policy. The disappointment of this realization was heavy. My time as a dean of students began shortly thereafter and was a learning curve about discipline policies. Zero tolerance was in full effect and the school was suspending students as a regular practice. The pursuit of expulsion for truancy wasnt an uncommon occurrence. I was trained by an Assistant Principal who taught that students were to be removed from school by suspension if they were disrupting the learning of their class. This was 2008 and public education was suffering from huge budget deficits. All but skeletal counseling services were eliminated from schools and any referrals for counseling for troubled students were made to outside nonprofit agencies. Teachers were exhausted and students were being disregarded if they interfered with the districts push toward improved test scores. While working in this capacity I felt that I was doing an enormous disservice to the students who needed the most help, but the schools were unwilling to work with them and I was in anothe r position where my hands were tied. These experiences have led me to the study educational policy implementation with a focus on the shift from zero tolerance to restorative justice in one district. I have seen the damage that faulty implementation can have on teachers and students. I have also seen zero tolerance in effect on a generation of students. Credibility and Trustworthiness The credibility and trustworthiness of this study will be established with the use of multiple data collection procedures (interviews and data analysis) and the use of a variety of participants allowing for the triangulation of the accuracy of collected information. According to Golafshani (2003), the researcher must ensure reliability and validity of the study based on the ability to maintain validity, and trustworthiness. Multiple cycles of open coding and categorization will enhance reliability. Consistent interview procedures and coding procedures will be employed throughout the study. Additionally, collection and analysis of the data will include robust written descriptions meticulously documenting emerging central phenomenon. Tracy (2010) argues that one of the most important means for achieving credibility in qualitative research is thick description. This involves providing enough details to the readers. Timeline Document collection and analysis will take place beginning in September 2017. Participant recruitment and interviews are subject to IRB approval and are therefore projected to begin January 2018. The bulk of data analysis will take place in the spring of 2018. The first draft of the completed dissertation will be submitted for committee review in spring of 2018. Editing and revisions will occur in the summer of 2018 prior to the dissertation defense scheduled for July 2018. Summary This qualitative case study will use narrative methods to analyze the consequences of the implementation of Restorative Justice at Meitheal Middle School. It will include 6 school site member interviews and the collection and analysis of district and school site artifacts. The study will utilize grounded theory coding allowing for themes to emerge from the collected data. Selective coding will provide an opportunity for the researcher to address the research questions. This chapter concludes with a timeline for the data collection and analysis procedures.

What Is the Least Squares Regression Line

A scatterplot is a type of graph that is used to represent paired data. The explanatory variable is plotted along the horizontal axis and the response variable is graphed along the vertical axis. One reason for using this type of graph is to look for relationships between the variables.​​ The most basic pattern to look for in a set of paired data is that of a straight line. Through any two points, we can draw a straight line. If there are more than two points in our scatterplot, most of the time we will no longer be able to draw a line that goes through every point. Instead, we will draw a line that passes through the midst of the points and displays the overall linear trend of the data. As we look at the points in our graph and wish to draw a line through these points, a question arises. Which line should we draw? There is an infinite number of lines that could be drawn. By using our eyes alone, it is clear that each person looking at the scatterplot could produce a slightly different line. This ambiguity is a problem. We want to have a well-defined way for everyone to obtain the same line. The goal is to have a mathematically precise description of which line should be drawn. The least squares regression line is one such line through our data points. Least Squares The name of the least squares line explains what it does. We start with a collection of points with coordinates given by (xi, yi). Any straight line will pass among these points and will either go above or below each of these. We can calculate the distances from these points to the line by choosing a value of x and then subtracting the observed y coordinate that corresponds to this x from the y coordinate of our line. Different lines through the same set of points would give a different set of distances. We want these distances to be as small as we can make them. But there is a problem. Since our distances can be either positive or negative, the sum total of all these distances will cancel each other out. The sum of distances will always equal zero. The solution to this problem is to eliminate all of the negative numbers by squaring the distances between the points and the line. This gives a collection of nonnegative numbers. The goal we had of finding a line of best fit is the same as making the sum of these squared distances as small as possible. Calculus comes to the rescue here. The process of differentiation in calculus makes it possible to minimize the sum of the squared distances from a given line. This explains the phrase â€Å"least squares† in our name for this line. Line of Best Fit Since the least squares line minimizes the squared distances between the line and our points, we can think of this line as the one that best fits our data. This is why the least squares line is also known as the line of best fit. Of all of the possible lines that could be drawn, the least squares line is closest to the set of data as a whole. This may mean that our line will miss hitting any of the points in our set of data. Features of the Least Squares Line There are a few features that every least squares line possesses. The first item of interest deals with the slope of our line. The slope has a connection to the correlation coefficient of our data. In fact, the slope of the line is equal to r(sy/sx). Here s x denotes the standard deviation of the x coordinates and s y the standard deviation of the y coordinates of our data. The sign of the correlation coefficient is directly related to the sign of the slope of our least squares line. Another feature of the least squares line concerns a point that it passes through. While the y intercept of a least squares line may not be interesting from a statistical standpoint, there is one point that is. Every least squares line passes through the middle point of the data. This middle point has an x coordinate that is the mean of the x values and a y coordinate that is the mean of the y values.

The Reasoning For Shakespeare s Macbeth - 1028 Words

The reasoning for Shakespeare to include Lady Macbeth was for her to question Macbeth’s manhood whether if he was willing to do anything to become the next king of Scotland. To become the next king, the quickest way was to kill the current king. (King Duncan.). Macbeth was disusing the witches’ prophecy of how he would rule Scotland one day. Lady Macbeth urged him to get rid of King Duncan. However, Macbeth saw no point in killing him because Duncan has never done anything wrong to him and on top of that Kind Duncan recently made him the thane of Cawdor. At this Point Lady Macbeth starts to Question he husband if he is a real man and states that if he doesn’t action she would. Macbeth starts to fell a loose of power due to his manipulative†¦show more content†¦They gave him three apparitions. The first apparition stated to beware Macduff. â€Å"Macbeth! Macbeth! Macbeth! Beware Macduff. Beware the thane of Fife. Dismiss me, enough† Act 4, Scene 1, PG 4 73-74 Fortunately, Macduff killed Macbeth in the end of the play and peace came to Scotland. If someone killed Macbeth else the witch’s prophecy would be inaccurate. Banquo’s reasoning for being in the play is also to support the theme of supernatural. For instance, when Shakespeare introduces us to the witches the first time we also see Banquo and Macbeth listing to their prophecy. The witches told them that one day Banquo’s son would rule Scotland. however, they also mention Macbeth becoming king very soon as well. If Banquo wasn’t in this story his son wouldn’t exist either so that prophecy wouldn’t exist or just be a lie. Another reason Banquo needed to be in the play was to prevent his son from getting killed by the murders that Macbeth hired. Going more into details, Macbeth didn’t want to take any risks so he hired the murders to get rid of Banquo and his son. However, The murders only were only able to kill Banquo since f led away. If Banquo wasn’t there it would be much more likely for the murders to kill and if they did the witches wouldn’t be wrong .Malcom flees after his father King Duncan had gotten killed to England. He is need in the play so he can team up with the king. Malcom and the king both get reinforcements.Show MoreRelatedWilliam Shakespeare s Macbeth - The Five Tragedies1293 Words   |  6 PagesOne of the most astounding themes William Shakespeare incorporates in his widely prominent story of, Macbeth, is the utterly sheer shift in Macbeth s personality throughout the piece. It is commonly debated that the rapidly altering deposition of Macbeth had since served as the underlying facets and influences behind his ultimate collapse. 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Downfall Of The American Dream In The free essay sample

Great Gatsby Essay, Research Paper Writers use symbolism in their written looks in order to heighten the thematic involvements of the novel. The usage of symbolism allows the reader to construe the narrative, which in bend, stimulates a more personal, inventive, and meaningful experience. Scott F. Fitzgerald s, The Great Gatsby, became an instant classic because of the symbolism used to heighten the subject throughout the novel. Without this symbolism, the subject of the annihilative American Dream would hold been less than adequate, and the book would hold neer attained the position and popularity among readers that it does today. The most outstanding and influential symbols are the green visible radiation, Gatsby s shirts, and the Valley of Ashes. When Gatsby is first seen, he stretched out his weaponries toward a individual green visible radiation, minute and far manner, that might hold been the terminal of a dock. ( Fitzgerald 26 ) The green visible radiation that he appears to be making for is the visible radiation on Daisy s dock. We will write a custom essay sample on Downfall Of The American Dream In The or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In Gatsby s early life he had a romantic relationship with Daisy. However, he went off to war and when he came back she was married to an highly affluent adult male, Tom Buchanan. Gatsby concluded in his ain head that in order to win Daisy s love, he excessively had to go affluent. After he established himself financially, he bought a house straight across the H2O from Daisy and her green visible radiation. He associates Daisy with the green visible radiation, and it becomes a symbol of her throughout the novel. The whole being of Gatsby exists merely in relation to what the green visible radiation symbolizes. ( Bewley 41 ) Gatsby becomes so enamored with the green visible radiation that it is about as if Daisy does non even exist. She becomes no more than a romantic dream within the green visible radiation on the dock. At last he realizes this when he and Daisy meet and, while gazing at the green visible radiation, nexus weaponries. He eventually attains what he thought he wanted a nd the green visible radiation becomes no more than a green visible radiation. This false sense of world brings Gatsby great melancholy when he realizes that Daisy is non every bit great as he thought she was. This is similar to the feelings immigrants were overcome by when they reached America. They had been told their whole lives that America was the land of chance and that the streets were paved with gold, but when they got at that place they realized it wasn t all that different from the fatherland which they so thirstily deserted. In order to affect Daisy, Gatsby devotes his entir e life to going wealthy. He becomes so haunted with material points and prides himself on achieving them. When he eventually gets Daisy over to his house, he is so overwhelmed by her presence that he does non cognize what to make. He shows her his sleeping room and becomes so aroused that he took out a heap of shirts and began throwing them one by one before us ( Fitzgerald 97 ) . Daisy begins to shout and says they are the most beautiful shirts she has of all time seen. This gross outing show of philistinism merely shows how the American Dream has changed from populating a happy life with your household, to obtaining the most expensive and alien points. The shirts symbolize Gatsby s wealth, which he so proudly attained. He was willing to gain his wealth by any agencies necessary and did so. He was involved in bootlegging and organized offense ; he allowed himself to crouch so low that offense was merely to affect a adult female. Gatsby is so corrupted by his lecherousness for wealth that he is blinded and hence non capable of making anything else. The vale of ashes is a antic farm where ashes grow like wheat into ridges and hills and grotesque gardens, where ashes take the signifiers of houses and chimneys and lifting ( Fitzgerald 27 ) . Wilson the proprietor of a little garage in the vale of ashes is considered to be the owner of the huge barren. This barren is symbolic of the corruptness of the American dream by philistinism. ( Bloom 110 ) It is merely excessively coinciding that Wilson the keeper of the vale of ashes is the terminal of Gatsby s dream, which symbolizes Gatsby s dreams turning to ashes. It should besides be pointed out that the ground Gatsby was tied to the slaying was because of his bizarre car. If he had non tried so fierily to affect Daisy with his stuff properties, he would neer hold been unjustly linked to the auto. This is a ruinous illustration of the American dream being tainted by greed. F. Scott Fitzgerald s usage of symbolism carried the majority of the subject throughout the novel. It allowed the atrophy of the American Dream to be brought to new degrees. The green visible radiation, the shirts, and the Valley of Ashes are merely the most outstanding illustrations of such symbolism but there are elusive symbols throughout the novel. Fitzgerald brightly communicates what he wants the reader to accomplish without giving off excessively much. The Great Gatsby is merely one of many great illustrations of how symbolism can convey the significances that could non be derived from words.

The Body Shop Introduction free essay sample

Introduction The beauty industry has been a multi-billion dollar industry over the past few decades. Despite the current economic state the industry has averaged a growth rate of 5%. The industry of â€Å"green† beauty products began over 30 years ago. People started seeing what the harmful chemicals in products were doing harm not only to their skin and hair but the environment they lived in. As environmental awareness grows so will the demand for organic and environmentally friendly products. The Body Shop’s mission is to operate our business with a strong commitment to the well being of our fellow humans and the preservation of the planet. Our company will be entering a market that is well educated on environmental issues as well as one with a desire for organic products. Customers will be looking for two major components, quality products and service. As long as the quality of products remains consistent and the pricing is fair, The Body Shop will retain customers. We will write a custom essay sample on The Body Shop Introduction or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In order to make purchasing products convenient The Body Shop will not only have brick and mortar locations but will also utilize e-commerce. The goals of The Body Shop are to raise awareness of environmental issues through partnering with various organizations such as Green Peace and to be the best, most breathlessly exciting company – one that changes the way business is carried out. The Body Shop’s mission statement â€Å"we will operate our business with a strong commitment to the well being of our fellow humans and the preservation of the planet† shows their deep dedication to not only their customers but the environment in which they live in. They stay on top of the latest developments in order to provide the highest quality of product possible. The Body Shop has locations In Europe, Australia, the US, and Canada and has become a multi-billion dollar company. It had seen a decline in profits over the past couple of years but then again, so had most retailers. Economic hardships cause consumers to reprioritize and those who were purchasing products in the price range of the Body Shop now turn to generic products they can find at CVS just as those who were buying higher end products then find cheaper alternatives. Which leads to the marketing strategy in which they â€Å"offer cheaper alternatives to Clinique, Elizabeth Arden, and Este Lauder-a strategy referred to as ‘masstige† or in between mass and prestige positioning. † (mad. co. uk) Finding a position and perceived value is a key in which The Body Shop has done well with in order to stay in competition above its competitors such as Bath and Body Works and Aveda. Advances in technology have made it possible to use ingredients such as renewable resources instead of those which harm the environment. Using renewable resources helps to ensure that the company will not have to come up with another type of product when a specific ingredient runs out. Usage of the â€Å"internet and computer technology has helped eliminate landfill waste by keeping papers and empty ink cartridges out of the trash. † (greenprof. com) Utilizing recycled shipping products continues the green theme of the company. Environmental awareness causes growth in the market. Culturally The Body Shop has benefited greatly by the â€Å"green† movement. The foundation of the company is built on that concept and without it the products would not be as successful. As consumers become more aware of the damage they are doing to not only themselves but the environment they lean towards buying products that are environmentally friendly. The publics that represent particular opportunities for the company are those such as Greenpeace in their Save the Whale campaign and community trade which created jobs in third world countries. The Body Shop has two distribution channels the internet and retail stores. As the products become more popular and convenient the trade channels will grow accordingly. The marketing firms that are used are successful in providing the information about not only the products but ways to help out in environmental and social causes. Speed affects every aspect of a company’s success. The rate of innovation is crucial to most industries especially beauty, fashion and technology. To stay ahead of the competition The Body Shop needs to make sure they have the latest and greatest hair and skin products but before they can be sold on the shelves the rate of invention, manufacturing and distribution needs to be as fast and efficient as possible. Without a rapid turnover rate the ompany will fail miserably. The Body Shop differs from its competitors because of the values the company holds. â€Å"The way we do business, the way we make products, the way we source ingredients, and the way we use our voice;† our values to protect our planet, activate self-esteem, ban animal testing, and support community trade set us apart from the rest. Our marketi ng objective is to promote awareness of The Body Shop core brand and specific men’s grooming product offerings through targeted channels such that at least 35% of the target demographic is aware of the products and the unique values of The Body Shop. As well as build loyalty to brand products so that at least 10% of the target demographic become repeat buyers. (scrib. com) The â€Å"Green† movement has broadened the market for organic beauty products making this the perfect opportunity for The Body Shop to enter the market. Forming strong relationships with our customers as well as promoting product loyalty is critical to our success. Sales in the beauty industry continue to increase and the current state of the economy does not seem to have a major effect on product usage. This industry has potential for an unlimited amount of growth and The Body Shop plans to take advantage of this by providing superior products and not compromising quality or service. We will use only the highest quality ingredients in our products, provide a stress free shopping environment, and maintain our deep commitment to social and environmental issues as our main differential advantages.